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John Pine
John Pine (1690–1756) was an English designer, engraver, and cartographer notable for his artistic contribution to the Augustan style and Newtonian scientific paradigm that flourished during the British Enlightenment. ==Early life and apprenticeships==
Little is known of Pine’s parents or ancestry. Biographical sketches frequently refer to him as black or of African ancestry, especially in the lore of Freemasonry, a society with which he became affiliated. However, the United Grand Lodge of England has not been able to verify such claims.〔Prescott, Andrew. "John Pine: A Sociable Craftsman." ''MQ Magazine''. Issue 10, July, 2004〕 Pine began his career as an apprentice goldsmith. He also apprenticed with the French engraver Bernard Picart (1673–1733), who was associated with a movement described by historian Margaret Jacob as the "Radical Enlightenment."〔Jacob, Margaret C. ''The Radical Enlightenment: Pantheists, Freemasons and Republicans''. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1981. Pages 164-6.〕
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